Charlie Lee scored the only goal as Northampton succumbed to a Peterborough team that played with 10 men for 83 minutes.
Gaby Zakuani was sent off for a profesional foul on Ikechi Anya inside the opening 10 mins.
Northampton failed to capitalise with more than double the amount of efforts on goal and twice hitting the woodwork.
The defeat means that Northampton are just 3 points above Swindon who occupy 1st place.